AHRQ QI measures
The following tables list all of the AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) QI (Quality Indicator) measures available to you in Clinical Analytics. Many of these measures rely on accurate Present on Admission (POA) codes on all diagnosis codes in your data feed. For questions about your data feed or these measures, contact Support.
NOTE: These AHRQ QI measures are applicable to inpatient encounters only.
AHRQ QI measures available in Clinical Analytics include:
- Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs)
- Pediatric Quality Indicators (PDIs)
- Inpatient Quality Indicators (IQIs)
- Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs)
- Quality Indicator Empirical Methods
The AHRQ Grouper Software also checks encounters for comorbidities; see Comorbidity definitions for more information.
You might also be interested in:
Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs)
The following table is a complete list of PSI measures in Clinical Analytics.
NOTE: PSI numerator and denominator inclusions are flagged for each inpatient encounter using AHRQ Version 2022 software hosted by Clinical Analytics. Click the links in the Long description column to go to the technical specifications for that PSI on the AHRQ website.
| AHRQ PSI # | Short description | Long description | Polarity | External benchmarks? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSI-2 | PSI-2 - Death in Low-Mortality DRGs Count |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among discharges for low mortality (< 0.5%) Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) among patients ages 18 years and older or obstetric patients. Excludes cases with trauma, cases with cancer, cases with an immunocompromised state, and transfers to an acute care facility. |
Low | No |
| PSI-2 - Death in Low-Mortality DRGs - Rate | Count of deaths in Low-Mortality DRGs divided by the number of encounters in the denominator (see specifications above). | Low | Yes | |
| PSI-2 - Death in Low-Mortality DRGs O/E |
Death in Low-Mortality DRGs Rate (PSI 2). In-hospital patient deaths in DRGs with less than 0.5% mortality. |
Low | No | |
| PSI-3 | PSI-3 - Pressure Ulcer Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Stage III or IV pressure ulcers or unstageable (secondary diagnosis) among surgical or medical discharges ages 18 years and older. Excludes stays less than 3 days; cases with a principal stage III or IV (or unstageable) pressure ulcer diagnosis; cases with a secondary diagnosis of stage III or IV pressure ulcer (or unstageable) that is present on admission; obstetric cases; severe burns; exfoliative skin disorders. |
Low | No |
| PSI-3 - Pressure Ulcer - Rate |
Count of Pressure Ulcer incidents divided by the number of encounters in the denominator (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-3 - Pressure Ulcer O/E | Pressure Ulcer Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 3). Decubitus ulcer discharges with a length of stay greater than 4 days | Low | No | |
| PSI-4 | PSI-4 - Death Among Surgical Inpatients Count |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among elective surgical discharges for patients ages 18 through 89 years or obstetric patients, with serious treatable complications (deep vein thrombosis / pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, sepsis, shock/cardiac arrest, or gastrointestinal hemorrhage/acute ulcer). Includes metrics for the number of discharges for each type of complication. Excludes cases transferred to an acute care facility and cases in hospice care at admission. |
Low | No |
| PSI-4 - Death Among Surgical Inpatients Rate |
Count of deaths among surgical inpatients divided by the number of encounters in the denominator (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-4 - Death Among Surgical Inpatients O/E | Death Among Surgical Inpatients Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 4). Deaths in patients having developed specified complications of care during hospitalization. | Low | No | |
| PSI-5 | PSI-5 - Foreign Body Count |
Based on AHRQ software: The number of hospital discharges with a retained surgical item or unretrieved device fragment (secondary diagnosis) among surgical and medical patients ages 18 years and older or obstetric patients. Excludes cases with principal diagnosis of retained surgical item or unretrieved device fragment and cases with a secondary diagnosis of retained surgical item or unretrieved device fragment present on admission. |
Low | No |
| PSI-5 - Retained Foreign Body Rate |
Count of number of discharges with foreign body accidentally left in during procedure divided by the number of surgical encounters (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-6 | PSI-6 - Iatrogenic Pneumothorax Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Iatrogenic pneumothorax cases (secondary diagnosis) among surgical and medical discharges for patients ages 18 years and older. Excludes cases with chest trauma, pleural effusion, thoracic surgery, lung or pleural biopsy, diaphragmatic repair, or cardiac procedures; cases with a principal diagnosis of iatrogenic pneumothorax; cases with a secondary diagnosis of iatrogenic pneumothorax present on admission; and obstetric cases. |
Low | No |
| PSI-6 - Iatrogenic Pneumothorax Rate |
Count of cases of iatrogenic pneumothorax divided by the number of encounters in the denominator (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-6 - Iatrogenic Pneumothorax O/E | Iatrogenic Pneumothorax Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 6). Cases of iatrogenic pneumothorax. | Low | No | |
| PSI-7 | PSI-7 - CR-BSIs Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (secondary diagnosis) among medical and surgical discharges for patients ages 18 years and older or obstetric cases. Excludes cases with a principal diagnosis of a central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection, cases with a secondary diagnosis of a central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection present on admission, cases with stays less than 2 days, cases with an immunocompromised state, and cases with cancer. |
Low | No |
| PSI-7 - CR-BSIs Rate |
Count of Central Venous Catheter-related Bloodstream Infections divided by the number of encounters in the denominator (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-7 - CR-BSIs O/E | Central Venous Catheter-related Bloodstream Infections, Secondary Diagnosis Field Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 7); Cases of ICD-9-CM codes 9993 or 99662. | Low | No | |
| PSI-8 | PSI-8 - Postoperative Hip Fracture Count |
Based on AHRQ software: In hospital fall with hip fracture (secondary diagnosis) among discharges for patients ages 18 years and older. Excludes discharges with principal diagnosis of a condition with high susceptibility to falls (seizure disorder, syncope, stroke, occlusion of arteries, coma, cardiac arrest, poisoning, trauma, delirium or other psychoses, anoxic brain injury), diagnoses associated with fragile bone (metastatic cancer, lymphoid malignancy, bone malignancy), a principal diagnosis of hip fracture, a secondary diagnosis of hip fracture present on admission, and obstetric cases. |
Low | No |
| PSI-8 - Postoperative Hip Fracture Rate |
Count of In-Hospital Postoperative Hip Fracture divided by the number of surgical discharges (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-8 - Postoperative Hip Fracture O/E | Postoperative Hip Fracture Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 8). Surgical discharges cases of in-hospital hip fracture. | Low | No | |
| PSI-9 | PSI-9 - Post-Op Hemorrhage Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Perioperative hemorrhage or hematoma cases involving a procedure to treat the hemorrhage or hematoma, following surgery among surgical discharges for patients ages 18 years and older. Excludes cases with a diagnosis of coagulation disorder; cases with a principal diagnosis of perioperative hemorrhage or hematoma; cases with a secondary diagnosis of perioperative hemorrhage or hematoma present on admission; cases where the only operating room procedure is for treatment of perioperative hemorrhage or hematoma; obstetric cases. |
Low | No |
| PSI-9 - Post-Op Hemorrhage Rate |
Count of postoperative cases of hematoma or hemorrhage requiring a procedure divided by the number of surgical discharges (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-9 - Post-Op Hemorrhage O/E | Postoperative Hemorrhage or Hematoma Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 9). Surgical discharges cases of hematoma or hemorrhage requiring a procedure. | Low | No | |
| PSI-10 | PSI-10 - Post-Op Derangement Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Postoperative acute kidney failure requiring dialysis among elective surgical discharges for patients ages 18 years and older. Excludes cases with principal diagnosis of acute kidney failure; cases with secondary diagnosis of acute kidney failure present on admission; cases with secondary diagnosis of acute kidney failure and dialysis procedure before or on the same day as the first operating room procedure; cases with acute kidney failure, cardiac arrest, severe cardiac dysrhythmia, cardiac shock, chronic kidney failure; a principal diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction and obstetric cases. |
Low | No |
| PSI-10 - Post-Op Derangement Rate |
Count of physiological or metabolic derangement cases divided by the number of surgical discharges (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-10 - Post-Op Derangement O/E | Postoperative Physiologic and Metabolic Derangement Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 10). Elective surgical discharge cases of specified physiological or metabolic derangement. | Low | No | |
| PSI-11 | PSI-11 - Post-Op Respiratory Failure Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Postoperative respiratory failure (secondary diagnosis), prolonged mechanical ventilation, or reintubation cases among elective surgical discharges for patients ages 18 years and older. Excludes cases with principal diagnosis for acute respiratory failure; cases with secondary diagnosis for acute respiratory failure present on admission; cases in which tracheostomy is the only operating room procedure or in which tracheostomy occurs before the first operating room procedure; cases with neuromuscular disorders; cases with laryngeal, oropharyngeal or craniofacial surgery involving significant risk of airway compromise; esophageal resection, lung cancer, lung transplant or degenerative neurological disorders; cases with respiratory or circulatory diseases; and obstetric discharges. |
Low | No |
| PSI-11 - Post-Op Respiratory Failure Rate |
Count of acute respiratory failure cases divided by the number of surgical discharges (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-11 - Post-Op Respiratory Failure O/E | Postoperative Respiratory Failure Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 11). Elective surgical discharge cases of acute respiratory failure. | Low | No | |
| PSI-12 | PSI-12 - Post-Op PE/DVT Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Perioperative pulmonary embolism or proximal deep vein thrombosis (secondary diagnosis) among surgical discharges for patients ages 18 years and older. Excludes discharges with a principal diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or proximal deep vein thrombosis; with a secondary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or proximal deep vein thrombosis present on admission; in which interruption of the vena cava or a pulmonary arterial thromboectomy occurs before or on the same day as the first operating room procedure; with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; with acute brain or spinal injury present on admission; and obstetric cases. |
Low | No |
| PSI-12 - Post-Op PE/DVT Rate |
Count of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) cases divided by the number of surgical discharges (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-12 - Post-Op PE/DVT O/E | Post-operative Pulmonary Embolism or Deep Vein Thrombosis Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 12). Surgical discharge cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). | Low | No | |
| PSI-13 | PSI-13 - Post-Op Sepsis Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Postoperative sepsis cases (secondary diagnosis) among elective surgical discharges for patients ages 18 years and older. Excludes cases with a principal diagnosis of sepsis, cases with a secondary diagnosis of sepsis present on admission, cases with a principal diagnosis of infection, cases with a secondary diagnosis of infection present on admission (only if they also have a secondary diagnosis of sepsis), obstetric discharges. |
Low | No |
| PSI-13 - Post-Op Sepsis Rate |
Count of postoperative sepsis cases with a length of stay of 4 days or more divided by the number of surgical discharges (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-13 - Post-Op Sepsis O/E | Post-operative Sepsis Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 13). Elective surgery patients with sepsis and an operating room procedure and a length of stay of 4 days or more. | Low | No | |
| PSI-14 | PSI-14 - Post-Op Wound Dehiscence Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Postoperative reclosures of the abdominal wall with a diagnosis of disruption of internal operational wound among abdominopelvic surgery discharges for patients ages 18 years and older. Excludes cases in which the abdominal wall reclosure occurs on or before the day of the first abdominopelvic surgery, cases with an immunocompromised state, cases with stays less than two (2) days, and obstetric cases. |
Low | No |
| PSI-14 - Post-Op Wound Dehiscence Rate |
Count of postoperative disruption of abdominal wall cases with an abdominopelvic reclosure surgery divided by the number of surgical discharges (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-14 - Post-Op Wound Dehiscence O/E | Post-operative Wound Dehiscence Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 14). Abdominopelvic surgery patient cases of reclosure of postoperative disruption of abdominal wall. | Low | No | |
| PSI-15 | PSI-15 - Accidental Puncture/Laceration Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Accidental punctures or lacerations (secondary diagnosis) among discharges for patients ages 18 years and older who have undergone an abdominopelvic procedure; in which a second abdominopelvic procedure follows one or more days after an index abdominopelvic procedure. Excludes cases with accidental puncture or laceration as a principal diagnosis, cases with accidental puncture or laceration as a secondary diagnosis that is present on admission, and obstetric cases. |
Low | No |
| PSI-15 - Accidental Puncture/Laceration Rate |
Cases of technical difficulty (e.g. accidental cut or laceration during procedure) divided by the number of surgical discharges (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-15 - Accidental Puncture/Laceration O/E | Accidental Puncture or Laceration Observed over Expected Rate (PSI 15). Cases of technical difficulty (e.g. accidental cut or laceration during procedure). | Low | No | |
| PSI-17 | PSI-17 - Injury to Neonate Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Birth trauma injuries among newborns. Excludes preterm infants with a birth weight less than 2,000 grams, and cases with osteogenesis imperfecta. |
Low | No |
| PSI-17 - Injury to Neonate Rate |
Count of birth trauma injury to neonate cases divided by the number of neonate encounters (see previous specifications). |
Low | Yes | |
| PSI-17 - Injury to Neonate O/E | Birth Trauma - Injury to Neonate Rate (PSI 17). Cases of birth trauma, injury to neonate. | Low | No | |
| PSI-18 | PSI-18 - Vaginal Obstetric Trauma w/Inst. Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Third and fourth degree obstetric traumas among instrument-assisted vaginal deliveries. |
Low | No |
| PSI-18 - Vaginal Obstetric Trauma w/Inst. Rate | Count of Instrument-assisted vaginal delivery cases of obstetric trauma (3rd or 4th degree lacerations) divided by the volume of vaginal delivery cases (see previous specifications). | Low | Yes | |
| PSI-18 - Vaginal Obstetric Trauma w/Inst. O/E | Obstetric Trauma - Vaginal with Instrument Rate (PSI 18). Instrument-assisted vaginal delivery cases of obstetric trauma (3rd or 4th degree lacerations). | Low | No | |
| PSI-19 | PSI-19 - Vaginal Obstetric Trauma wo/Inst. Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Third and fourth degree obstetric traumas among vaginal deliveries. Excludes cases without instrument- assisted delivery. |
Low | No |
| PSI-19 - Vaginal Obstetric Trauma wo/Inst. Rate | Count of vaginal delivery (without instrument) cases of obstetric trauma (3rd or 4th degree lacerations) divided by the volume of vaginal delivery cases (see previous specifications). | Low | Yes | |
| PSI-19 - Vaginal Obstetric Trauma wo/Inst. O/E | Obstetric Trauma - Vaginal without Instrument rate (PSI 19). Vaginal delivery without instrument assistance cases of obstetric trauma (3rd or 4th degree lacerations). | Low | No | |
| PSI-90 | PSI-90 Count |
Count of all instances of PSIs 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. These are all of the PSIs included in the PSI-90 composite for Version 6.0. |
Low | No |
| Obstetric | Risk Adjusted Obstetric Patient Safety Index |
Sum of Numerators / (Sum of Expected Rate * Number of Cases for Each Measure for AHRQ Obstetrics PSI Measures). PSI Measures Include: Obstetric Trauma - Vaginal Deliver with Instrument (PSI 18) and Obstetric Trauma - Vaginal Delivery without Instrument (PSI 19) |
Low | No |
| Composite | Risk Adjusted Patient Safety Index |
Sum of Numerators / (Sum of Expected Rate * Number of Cases for Each Measure for AHRQ PSI Measures). PSI Measures Include: Death in Low Mortality DRGS (PSI 2), Pressure Ulcer (PSI 3), Failure to Rescue (PSI 4), Iatrogenic Pneumothorax (PSI 6), Selected Infections Due to Medical Care (PSI 7), Postoperative Hip Fracture (PSI 8)Postoperative Hemorrhage or Hematoma (PSI 9), Postoperative Physiologic and Metabolic Derangement (PSI 10), Postoperative Respiratory Failure (PSI 11), Postoperative PE or DVT (PSI 12), Postoperative Sepsis (PSI 13), Postoperative Wound Dehiscence (PSI 14), Accidental Puncture or Laceration (PSI 15) |
Low | No |
| Pediatric | Risk Adjusted Pediatric Patient Safety Index |
Sum of Numerators / (Sum of Expected Rate * Number of Cases for Each Measure for AHRQ Pediatric PSI Measures). PSI Measures Include: Accidental Puncture or Laceration (PDI 1), Pressure Ulcer (PDI 2), Iatrogenic Pneumothorax (PDI 5), Pediatric Heart Surgery Mortality (PDI 6), Postoperative Hemorrhage or Hematoma (PDI 8), Postoperative Respiratory Failure (PDI 9), Postoperative Sepsis (PDI 10), Postoperative Wound Dehiscence (PDI 11), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection, Secondary Diagnosis Field (PDI 12), Iatrogenic Pneumothorax in Neonates (NQI 1) |
Low | No |
Appendix documents for specifications:
- PSI Appendix A - OR Procedure Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PSI Appendix C - Medical MS-DRGs (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PSI Appendix E - Surgical MS-DRGs (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PSI Appendix F - Infection Diagnosis Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PSI Appendix G - Trauma Diagnosis Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PSI Appendix H - Cancer Diagnosis Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PSI Appendix I - Immunocompromised State Diagnosis and Procedure Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PSI Appendix J - Admission Codes for Incoming Transfers (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PSI Appendix M - Definitions of Neonate, Newborn, Normal Newborn, and Outborn (AHRQ 2022).pdf
Pediatric Quality Indicators (PDIs)
Below is a complete list of PDI measures found in Clinical Analytics.
NOTE: PDI numerator and denominator inclusions are flagged for each inpatient encounter using AHRQ Version 2022 software hosted by Clinical Analytics. Click the links in the Long description column to go to the technical specifications for that PDI on the AHRQ website.
| AHRQ PDI # | Short description | Long description | Polarity | External benchmarks? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PDI-1 |
PDI-1 - Accidental Puncture/Laceration Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Accidental punctures or lacerations (secondary diagnosis) during procedure for patients ages 17 years and younger. Includes metrics for discharges grouped by risk category. Excludes obstetric discharges, spinal surgery discharges, discharges with accidental puncture or laceration as a principal diagnosis, discharges with accidental puncture or laceration as a secondary diagnosis that is present on admission, normal newborns, and neonates with birth weight less than 500 grams. |
Low |
No |
|
PDI-1 - Accidental Puncture/Laceration O/E |
Based on AHRQ software: Observed count divided by the Expected number of incidents, where the Expected value is provided by the AHRQ software. |
Low |
No |
|
| PDI-5 |
PDI-5 - Iatrogenic Pneumothorax Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Iatrogenic pneumothorax cases (secondary diagnosis) among surgical or medical discharges for patients ages 17 years and younger. Excludes normal newborns; neonates with a birth weight less than 500 grams; cases with chest trauma, pleural effusion, thoracic surgery, lung or pleural biopsy, diaphragmatic surgery repair or cardiac surgery; cases with a principal diagnosis of iatrogenic pneumothorax; cases with a secondary diagnosis of iatrogenic pneumothorax present on admission; and obstetric cases. |
Low |
No |
|
PDI-5 - Iatrogenic Pneumothorax O/E |
Based on AHRQ software: Observed count divided by the Expected number of incidents, where the Expected value is provided by the AHRQ software. |
Low |
No |
|
| PDI-8 |
PDI-8 - Perioperative Hemorrhage or Hematoma Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Perioperative hemorrhage or hematoma cases with control of perioperative hemorrhage or drainage of hematoma following surgery among elective surgical discharges for patients ages 17 years and younger. Includes metrics for discharges grouped by high and low risk. Excludes cases with a diagnosis of coagulation disorder; cases with a principal diagnosis of perioperative hemorrhage or hematoma; cases with a secondary diagnosis of perioperative hemorrhage or hematoma present on admission; cases where the only operating room procedure is control of perioperative hemorrhage, drainage of hematoma, or a miscellaneous hemorrhage- or hematoma-related procedure; obstetric cases; and neonates with birth weight less than 500 grams. |
Low |
No |
|
PDI-8 - Perioperative Hemorrhage or Hematoma O/E |
Based on AHRQ software: Observed count divided by the Expected number of incidents, where the Expected value is provided by the AHRQ software. |
Low |
No |
|
| PDI-9 |
PDI-9 - Post-Op Resp. Failure Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Postoperative respiratory failure (secondary diagnosis), prolonged mechanical ventilation, or reintubation cases among elective surgical discharges for patients ages 17 and younger. Excludes cases with principal diagnosis for acute respiratory failure; cases with secondary diagnosis for acute respiratory failure present on admission; cases in which tracheostomy is the only operating room procedure or in which tracheostomy occurs before the first operating room procedure; cases with neuromuscular disorders or degenerative neurological disorders; cases with laryngeal, pharyngeal or craniofacial surgery; cases with craniofacial anomalies; cases with esophageal resection, lung cancer, lung transplant cases; cases with respiratory or circulatory diseases; and obstetric discharges. |
Low |
No |
|
PDI-9 - Post-Op Resp. Failure O/E |
Based on AHRQ software: Observed count divided by the Expected number of incidents, where the Expected value is provided by the AHRQ software. |
Low |
No |
|
| PDI-10 |
PDI-10 - Post-Op Sepsis Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Postoperative sepsis cases (secondary diagnosis) among surgery discharges for patients ages 17 years and younger. Includes metrics for discharges grouped by risk category. Excludes cases with a principal diagnosis of sepsis, cases with a secondary diagnosis of sepsis present on admission, cases with a principal diagnosis of infection (only if they also have a secondary diagnosis of sepsis), cases in which the procedure belongs to surgical class 4, neonates and obstetric discharges. |
Low |
No |
|
PDI-10 - Post-Op Sepsis O/E |
Based on AHRQ software: Observed count divided by the Expected number of incidents, where the Expected value is provided by the AHRQ software. |
Low |
No |
|
| PDI-12 |
PDI-12 - CR-BSIs Count |
Based on AHRQ software: Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (secondary diagnosis) among medical and surgical discharges for patients ages 17 years and younger. Excludes cases with a principal diagnosis of a central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection, cases with a secondary diagnosis of a central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection present on admission, normal newborns, neonates with a birth weight of less than 500 grams, cases with stays less than two (2) days, and obstetric cases. |
Low |
No |
|
PDI-12 - CR-BSIs O/E |
Based on AHRQ software: Observed count divided by the Expected number of incidents, where the Expected value is provided by the AHRQ software. |
Low |
No |
|
| PDI-14 | PDI-14 - Asthma Admission Rate |
Based on AHRQ software: Percent of discharges with a principal diagnosis of asthma. Excludes cases with a diagnosis code for cystic fibrosis and anomalies of the respiratory system, obstetric admissions, transfers from other institutions, and patients under 2 years or over 17. |
Low |
Yes |
| PDI-15 | PDI-15 - Diabetes Short-term Complications Admission Rate |
Based on AHRQ software: Percent of discharges with a principal diagnosis of diabetes with short-term complications (ketoacidosis, hyperosmolarity, or coma). Excludes obstetric admissions, transfers from other institutions, and patients under 6 years or over 17. |
Low |
Yes |
| PDI-16 | PDI-16 - Gastroenteritis Admission Rate |
Based on AHRQ software: Percent of discharges with a principal diagnosis of gastroenteritis, or with a principal diagnosis of dehydration with a secondary diagnosis of gastroenteritis. Excludes cases transferred from another facility, cases with gastrointestinal abnormalities or bacterial gastroenteritis, obstetric admissions, and patients under 3 months or over 17 years. |
Low |
Yes |
| PDI-18 | PDI-18 - Urinary Tract Infection Admission Rate |
Based on AHRQ software: Percent of discharges with a principal diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Excludes cases with kidney or urinary tract disorders, cases with a high- or intermediate risk immunocompromised state (including hepatic failure and transplants), transfers from other institutions, obstetric admissions, and patients under 3 months or over 17 years. |
Low |
Yes |
| PDI-90 | PDI-90 - Pediatric Quality Overall Composite |
Based on AHRQ software: Pediatric Quality Indicators (PDI) overall composite: Includes admissions for one of the following conditions: asthma, diabetes with short-term complications, gastroenteritis, or urinary tract infection. Excludes patients under 6 years or over 17. |
Low |
Yes |
| PDI-91 | PDI-91 - Pediatric Quality Acute Composite |
Based on AHRQ software: Pediatric Quality Indicators (PDI) composite of acute conditions: Includes admissions for gastroenteritis or urinary tract infection. Excludes patients under 6 years or over 17. |
Low |
Yes |
| PDI-92 | PDI-92 - Pediatric Quality Chronic Composite |
Based on AHRQ software: Pediatric Quality Indicators (PDI) composite of chronic conditions: Includes admissions for asthma or diabetes with short-term complications. Excludes patients under 6 years or over 17. |
Low |
Yes |
| Pediatric |
Risk Adjusted Pediatric Patient Safety Index |
Sum of Numerators / (Sum of Expected Rate * Number of Cases for Each Measure for AHRQ Pediatric PSI Measures). PSI Measures Include: Accidental Puncture or Laceration (PDI-1), Pressure Ulcer (PDI-2), Iatrogenic Pneumothorax (PDI-5), Pediatric Heart Surgery Mortality (PDI-6 - RACHS-1), Postoperative Hemorrhage or Hematoma (PDI-8), Postoperative Respiratory Failure (PDI-9), Postoperative Sepsis (PDI-10), Postoperative Wound Dehiscence (PDI-11), Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (PDI-12), Iatrogenic Pneumothorax in Neonates (NQI-1) |
Low |
No |
Appendix documents for PDI specifications:
- PDI Appendix A - Operating Room Procedure Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PDI Appendix C - Surgical MS-DRGs (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PDI Appendix E - Medical MS-DRGs (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PDI Appendix F - High-Risk Immunocompromised State Diagnosis and Procedure Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PDI Appendix G - Intermediate-Risk Immunocompromised State Diagnosis Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PDI Appendix H - Infection Diagnosis Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PDI Appendix I - Definitions of Neonate, Newborn, Normal Newborn, and Outborn (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PDI Appendix J - Admission Codes for Transfer (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PDI Appendix K - Stratification (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PDI Appendix L - Low Birth Weight Categories (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PDI Appendix M - Cancer Diagnosis Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
Inpatient Quality Indicators (IQIs)
The following table lists IQI measures found in Clinical Analytics.
NOTE: IQI numerator and denominator inclusions are flagged for each inpatient encounter using AHRQ Version 2022 software hosted by Clinical Analytics. Click the links in the Long description column to go to the technical specifications for that IQI on the AHRQ website.
| AHRQ IQI# | Short description | Long description | Polarity | External benchmarks? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IQI-8 | Esophageal Resection Mortality Rate (1695) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with a procedure for esophogeal resection or total gastrectomy and a diagnosis of esophageal cancer; or with a procedure for esophogeal resection and a diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer, ages 18 years and older. Esophageal cancer surgery is a rare procedure that requires technical proficiency; and errors in surgical technique or management may lead to clinically significant complications, such as sepsis, pneumonia, anastomotic breakdown, and death. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-9 | Pancreatic Resection Mortality Rate (1696) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with pancreatic resection, ages 18 years and older. Includes metrics to stratify discharges grouped by presence or absence of a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Excludes acute pancreatitis discharges, obstetric discharges, and transfers to another hospital. Pancreatic resection is a rare procedure that requires technical proficiency; and errors in surgical technique or management may lead to clinically significant complications, such as sepsis, anastomotic breakdown, and death. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-11 | AAA Repair Mortality Rate (1697) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair, ages 18 years and older. Excludes obstetric discharges and transfers to another hospital. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is a relatively rare procedure that requires proficiency with the use of complex equipment; and technical errors may lead to clinically significant complications, such as arrhythmias, acute myocardial infarction, colonic ischemia, and death. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-12 | CABG Mortality Rate (1698) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), ages 40 years and older. Excludes obstetric discharges and transfers to another hospital. CABG is a common procedure that requires proficiency with the use of complex equipment; and technical errors may lead to clinically significant complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-15 | AMI Mortality Rate (1701) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as a principal diagnosis for patients ages 18 years and older. Excludes cases in hospice care at admission, obstetric discharges, and transfers to another hospital. Timely and effective treatments for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which are essential for patient survival, include appropriate use of thrombolytic therapy and revascularization. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-16 | HF Mortality Rate (1702) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with heart failure as a principal diagnosis for patients ages 18 years and older. Excludes cases in hospice care at admission, obstetric discharges, and transfers to another hospital. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a progressive, chronic disease with substantial short-term mortality. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-17 | Acute Stroke Mortality Rate (1703) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with acute stroke as a principal diagnosis for patients ages 18 years and older. Includes metrics for discharges grouped by type of stroke. Excludes obstetric discharges, cases in hospice care at admission, and transfers to another hospital. Quality treatment for acute stroke must be timely and efficient to prevent potentially fatal brain tissue death, and patients may not present until after the fragile window of time has passed. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-18 | GI Hemorrhage Mortality Rate (1704) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with a principal diagnosis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage; or a secondary diagnosis of esophageal varices with bleeding along with a qualifying associated principal diagnosis, for patients age 18 years and older. Excludes obstetric discharges, cases in hospice care at admission, discharges with a procedure for liver transplant, and transfers to another hospital. Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage may lead to death when uncontrolled, and the ability to manage severely ill patients with comorbidities may influence the mortality rate. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-19 | Hip Fracture Mortality Rate (1705) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with hip fracture as a principal diagnosis for patients ages 65 years and older. Excludes periprosthetic fracture discharges, obstetric discharges, cases in hospice care at admission, and transfers to another hospital. Hip fractures, which are a common cause of morbidity and functional decline among elderly persons, are associated with a significant increase in the subsequent risk of mortality. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-20 | Pneumonia Mortality Rate (1706) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with pneumonia as a principal diagnosis for patients ages 18 years and older. Excludes obstetric discharges, cases in hospice care at admission, and transfers to another hospital. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics may reduce mortality, which is a leading cause of death in the United States. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-21 | Cesarean Delivery Rate, Uncomplicated (389) |
Based on AHRQ software: Cesarean deliveries among all deliveries without a hysterotomy procedure. Excludes deliveries with complications (abnormal presentation, preterm delivery, fetal death, multiple gestation diagnoses, or breech procedure). Cesarean delivery is the most common operative procedure performed in the United States and is associated with higher costs than vaginal delivery. Many organizations have aimed to monitor and reduce the rate. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-22 | VBAC, Uncomplicated Rate (390) |
Based on AHRQ software: Vaginal births among all deliveries by patients with previous Cesarean deliveries. Excludes deliveries with complications (abnormal presentation, preterm delivery, fetal death, multiple gestation diagnoses, or breech procedure). The policy of recommending vaginal birth after Cesarean delivery (VBAC) represents to some degree a matter of opinion on the relative risks and benefits of a trial of labor in patients with previous Cesarean delivery. |
High | Yes |
| IQI-30 | Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Rate (1707) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with a procedure for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), for patients 40 years of age and older. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-31 | Carotid Endarterectomy Mortality Rate (1708) |
Based on AHRQ software: In-hospital deaths among all discharges with a procedure for endarterectomy (CEA), for patients 18 years of age and older. Excludes obstetric discharges and transfers to another hospital. CEA is a common procedure that requires proficiency with the use of complex equipment; and technical errors may lead to clinically significant complications, such as abrupt carotid occlusion with or without stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. |
Low | Yes |
| IQI-33 | Primary Cesarean Delivery Rate, Uncomplicated (401) |
Based on AHRQ software: First-time Cesarean deliveries without a hysterotomy procedure divided by total deliveries. Excludes deliveries with complications (abnormal presentation, preterm delivery, fetal death, multiple gestation diagnoses, or breech procedure). Cesarean delivery is the most common operative procedure performed in the United States and is associated with higher costs than vaginal delivery. Many organizations have aimed to monitor and reduce the rate. |
Low | Yes |
Appendix documents for IQI specifications:
Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs)
The following table lists PQI measures in Clinical Analytics.
NOTE: PQI numerator and denominator inclusions are flagged for each inpatient encounter using AHRQ Version 2022 software hosted by Clinical Analytics. Click the links in the Long description column to go to the technical specifications for that PQI on the AHRQ website.
| AHRQ PQI# | Short description | Long description | Polarity | External benchmarks? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PQI-01 | Diabetes Short-Term Complications Admission Rate (403) |
Based on AHRQ software: Admissions for a principal diagnosis of diabetes with short-term complications (ketoacidosis, hyperosmolarity, or coma) per 100,000 population, ages 18 years and older. Excludes obstetric admissions and transfers from other institutions. |
Low | No |
| PQI-03 | Diabetes Long-Term Complications Admission Rate (405) |
Based on AHRQ software: Admissions for a principal diagnosis of diabetes with long-term complications (renal, eye, neurological, circulatory, or complications not otherwise specified) per 100,000 population, ages 18 years and older. Excludes obstetric admissions and transfers from other institutions. |
Low | No |
| PQI-05 | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or Asthma in Older Adults Admission Rate (406) |
Based on AHRQ software: Admissions with a principal diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma per 100,000 population, ages 40 years and older. Excludes obstetric admissions and transfers from other institutions. |
Low | No |
| PQI-07 | Hypertension Admission Rate (407) |
Based on AHRQ software: Admissions with a principal diagnosis of hypertension per 100,000 population, ages 18 years and older. Excludes kidney disease combined with dialysis access procedure admissions, cardiac procedure admissions, obstetric admissions, and transfers from other institutions. |
Low | No |
| PQI-08 | Heart Failure Admission Rate (408) |
Based on AHRQ software: Admissions with a principal diagnosis of heart failure per 100,000 population, ages 18 years and older. Excludes cardiac procedure admissions, obstetric admissions, and transfers from other institutions. |
Low | No |
| PQI-11 | Community - Acquired Pneumonia Admission Rate (411) |
Based on AHRQ software: Discharges with a principal diagnosis of community acquired bacterial pneumonia per 100,000 population, age 18 or older. Excludes sickle cell or hemoglobin-S admissions, other indications of immunocompromised state admissions, obstetric admissions, and transfers from other institutions. |
Low | No |
| PQI-12 | Urinary Tract Infection Admission Rate (412) |
Based on AHRQ software: Admissions with a principal diagnosis of urinary tract infection per 100,000 population, ages 18 years and older. Excludes kidney or urinary tract disorder admissions, other indications of immunocompromised state admissions, obstetric admissions, and transfers from other institutions. |
Low | No |
| PQI-14 | Uncontrolled Diabetes Admission Rate (413) |
Based on AHRQ software: Admissions for a principal diagnosis of diabetes without mention of short-term (ketoacidosis, hyperosmolarity, or coma) or long-term (renal, eye, neurological, circulatory, or other unspecified) complications per 100,000 population, ages 18 years and older. Excludes obstetric admissions and transfers from other institutions. |
Low | No |
| PQI-15 | Asthma in Younger Adults Admission Rate (414) |
Based on AHRQ software: Admissions for a principal diagnosis of asthma per 100,000 population, ages 18 to 39 years. Excludes admissions with an indication of cystic fibrosis or anomalies of the respiratory system, obstetric admissions, and transfers from other institutions. |
Low | No |
| PQI-16 | Lower - Extremity Amputation Among Patients With Diabetes Rate (415) |
Based on AHRQ software: Admissions for any-listed diagnosis of diabetes and any-listed procedure of lower-extremity amputation (except toe amputations) per 100,000 population, ages 18 years and older. Excludes any-listed diagnosis of traumatic lower-extremity amputation admissions, obstetric admissions, and transfers from other institutions. |
Low | No |
| PQI-90 | Prevention Quality Overall Composite (416) |
Based on AHRQ software: Prevention Quality Indicators (PQI) overall composite per 100,000 population, ages 18 years and older. Includes admissions for one of the following conditions: diabetes with short-term complications, diabetes with long-term complications, uncontrolled diabetes without complications, diabetes with lower-extremity amputation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, hypertension, heart failure, bacterial pneumonia, or urinary tract infection. |
Low | No |
| PQI-91 | Prevention Quality Acute Composite (460) |
Based on AHRQ software: Prevention Quality Indicators (PQI) composite of acute conditions per 100,000 population, ages 18 years and older. Includes admissions with a principal diagnosis of one of the following conditions: bacterial pneumonia or urinary tract infection. |
Low | No |
| PQI-92 | Prevention Quality Chronic Composite (461) |
Based on AHRQ software: Prevention Quality Indicators (PQI) composite of chronic conditions per 100,000 population, ages 18 years and older. Includes admissions for one of the following conditions: diabetes with short-term complications, diabetes with long-term complications, uncontrolled diabetes without complications, diabetes with lower-extremity amputation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, hypertension, or heart failure without a cardiac procedure. |
Low | No |
| PQI-93 | Prevention Quality Diabetes Composite (462) |
Based on AHRQ software: Prevention Quality Indicators (PQI) composite of diabetes admissions per 100,000 population, ages 18 years and older. Includes admissions for one of the following conditions: diabetes with short-term complications, diabetes with long-term complications, uncontrolled diabetes without complications, diabetes with lower-extremity amputation. |
Low | No |
Appendix documents for PQI specifications:
- PQI Appendix A - Admission Codes for Incoming Transfers (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PQI Appendix B - Cardiac Procedure Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
- PQI Appendix C - Immunocompromised State Diagnosis and Procedure Codes (AHRQ 2022).pdf
Quality Indicator Empirical Methods
In Version 2022, see the Quality Indicator Empirical methods found in Clinical Analytics on the AHRQ website. The guide describes the empirical methods used to calculate AHRQ QIs.
